\n\nMethods: In this 48-week prospective, observational study that was conducted at designated hospitals for HIV care in Taiwan, HIV-infected patients aged 18 years or older who had developed hyperlipidemia after receiving CART that did not contain atazanavir were enrolled. Antiretroviral regimens AZD4547 mw were switched to regimens containing two nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus atazanavir 400 mg once daily or atazanavir 300 mg boosted with ritonavir 100 mg once daily. The lipid profiles, including total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, CD4+ lymphocyte counts, and plasma HIV RNA load were determined every 3 months.\n\nResults:

Sixty-six patients with hyperlipidemia were enrolled. At the end of the study, triglyceride

levels declined by 49.0% (p = 0.0002) and total cholesterol levels by 18.1% from baseline (p < 0.0001), whereas there were no significant changes observed for low-density lipoprotein- and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Mean CD4 lymphocyte count increased from 465 cells/mu L at baseline to 498 cells/mu L at the end of the study, whereas the proportion of patients with undetectable plasma HIV RNA load increased from 73.1% to 81.7%. The regimens were well tolerated.\n\nConclusions: Switch to atazanavir-containing regimens that were well tolerated resulted in significant improvement of hyperlipidemia and maintenance of Z-DEVD-FMK nmr clinical, immunologic, and virologic responses to CART. Copyright Emricasan solubility dmso (C) 2011, Taiwan

Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.”
“Gas gangrene is a necrotic infection of soft tissue associated with high mortality, often necessitating amputation in order to control the infection. Herein we present a case of gas gangrene of the arm in an intravenous drug user with a history of intramuscular injections with normal saline in the shoulder used to provoke pain for recovery after drug induced coma. The patient was early treated with surgery and antibiotics rendering possible the preservation of the limb and some of its function. Additionally, a review of the literature regarding case reports of limb salvage after gas gangrene is presented.”
“Avian parents and social insect colonies are victimized by interspecific brood parasites cheats that procure costly care for their dependent offspring by leaving them in another species’ nursery. Birds and insects defend themselves from attack by brood parasites; their defences in turn select counter-strategies in the parasite, thus setting in motion antagonistic co-evolution between the two parties. Despite their considerable taxonomic disparity, here we show striking parallels in the way that co-evolution between brood parasites and their hosts proceeds in insects and birds.

01). On the other hand, serum CXCL12 level showed no significant differences among TB pleurisy, non-TB pleurisy, and normal healthy subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of CXCL12 in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of TB pleurisy was 60.0% and 93.2% (cut-off value 4600 pg/mL), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for CXCL12 was 0.84. As the source of CXCL12, pleural mesothelium, endothelium of pulmonary vessels, bronchial epithelium, multinucleated giant epithelioid cells, and macrophages were positive for

CXCL12 staining.\n\nIncreased CXCL12 level in pleural fluid could be an informative diagnostic marker for differentiating TB pleurisy from other etiologies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We report the clinical Z-VAD-FMK mw findings of a 40-year-old woman with recurrent migraine presenting with Wernicke’s aphasia in accordance with the results of a standardized battery for language assessment ( Boston Aphasia Diagnostic

Examination). The patient had no evidence of parenchymal or vascular lesions on MRI and showed delta and theta slowing over the left posterior temporal leads on the EEG. Although the acute onset of a fluent aphasia suggested stroke as a likely etiology, the recurrence of aphasia as the initial symptom of migraine was related to cortical spreading depression and not to stroke.”
“Objectives: To describe patterns of nonprescribed Cyclosporin A mw use of tranquilizers by students aged 10 to 18 years and assess the sociodemographic characteristics of these adolescents and their use of other https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-145-ink1197.html substances. Methods: A randomized and stratified sample of 47,979 students from state and private schools of the 27 Brazilian state capitals completed a self-report questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to estimate the associations between tranquilizer use and sociodemographic factors, as well as the use of other psychotropic substances. Results:

The lifetime prevalence of nonprescribed use of tranquilizers was 3.9%. Use was most common among girls, wealthier adolescents, and those from private schools. An association was found between use of tranquilizers and lifetime use of alcohol (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.15; 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] 2.58-3.85), tobacco (PR = 2.61; 95%CI 2.31-2.95), illicit drugs (PR = 3.70; 95%CI 3.19-4.29), and other prescription drugs (PR = 7.03; 95%CI 6.18-7.99). As the number of substances adolescents reported having used increased, so did the nonprescribed use of tranquilizers. Conclusions: Nonprescribed use of tranquilizers by adolescents might indicate the use of other substances, including high-risk combinations such as tranquilizers and alcohol. The risks of this association should be addressed during the early stages of drug prevention programs.”
“Introduction: The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is difficult, and the role of electrophysiology is crucial.

On the other hand, only 3 inhibited inflammatory parameters such as hyperalgesia, edema, and local production of TNF-alpha following induction with complete Freund’s adjuvant. Treatment with 1, 3, and 4 produced an antinociceptive effect on the tail flick test, suggesting a centrally mediated antinociception. Reinforcing this idea, 2-4 enhanced the mice latency reaction time during the hot plate test. Mice treated with physalins did not demonstrate motor performance alterations. These results suggest that FK228 1-4 present antinociceptive properties associated

with central, but not anti-inflammatory, events and indicate a new pharmacological property of physalins.”
“Endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in response to virus infection.

Here, we used a microarray technology to study the gene expression profile in human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 24 h postinfection with H9N2 viruses or inactivated H9N2 viral particles. The results showed that H9N2 virus infection induced an abundance of differential expressed genes, exhibiting a transcriptional signature of viral infection. High levels of chemokine gene expressions were detected following treatment. Surprisingly, the most significantly up-regulated genes were mainly interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), although there was no change in interferon gene expression and interferon protein level. We also found that viral particles were more potent than viruses in inducing ISGs expression. These results suggest that induction of expression of ISGs LDC000067 is mainly dependent on the interaction between viral particles and endothelial

cells. Our data offer further insight into the interaction between endothelial cells and H9N2 influenza viruses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. Treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis range from symptomatic approaches c-Myc inhibitor to modern molecular interventions such as inhibition of inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of inflammation by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as a treatment for tendinitis and osteoarthritis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of PRP on antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) of the knee joint in a large animal model.\n\nMethods. Six-month-old pigs (n = 10) were systemically immunized by bovine serum albumin (BSA) injection, and arthritis was induced by intraarticular BSA injection. PRP was injected into the knee joints of 5 of the animals after 2 weeks. An additional 5 animals received no systemic immunization (controls). Signs of arthritis were documented by plain histologic analysis, Safranin O staining, and immunohistochemistry analysis for type II collagen (CII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Results: The specimens were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Upon histological evaluation, no obvious differences Ricolinostat were found between the control and the treatment group. Implants showed good

integration into the bone tissue surrounding them. There were also no statistically significant differences in bone-to-implant contact and the amount of bone tissue in the immediate neighborhood of the implant at both healing periods. Conclusions: The systemic administration of ALN was not found to affect histological osseointegration of implants in animals with a hormonal status resembling that of postmenopausal healthy women. Further research will be needed to investigate this approach.”
“The bee genus Augochlorodes Moure, up to now only known from Brazil,

is recorded for the first time for Argentina. Augochlorodes politus Goncalves & Melo was found in the south of the province of Buenos Aires, mideastern Argentina, being the southernmost record for the genus. The female of A. politus is redescribed and the male described for the first time, being the second male known for this genus. The phylogenetic position of Augochlorodes among Augochlorini is briefly discussed.”
“BACKGROUND: Ann plastic spermatocytic seminoma is a rare variant Selleckchem AG-120 of the conventional spermatocytic seminoma, with only 6 cases reported up to now. The anaplastic

variant contains only the medium-sized cell type, hallmarked by large-sized nucleoli, whereas the small lymphocyte-like and Selleck GSK1838705A giant cells typical of the conventional spermatocytic seminoma are lacking. CASE: We report herein an unusual case of a 40-year-old man with an anaplastic spermatocytic seminoma which metastasized first to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes and, something never before reported, subsequently to the lung and other organs. The immuno phenotype with c-kit and SALL4 positive and PLAP, as well OCT 3/4 negative tumor cells were identical to those of conventional spermatocytic seminoma. Cytogenetically the tumor cells showed a gain of chromosome 9, typical for spermatocytic seminoma, but simultaneously also the short arm 12p were overexpressed-an overexpression crucial to the aggressive behavior of seminomas and other nonseminomatous tumors but never before encountered in spermatocytic seminoma. CONCLUSION: The current opinion is that seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors develop from a common primitive progenitor cell, whereas spermatocytic seminomas develop from differentiated spermatogonia. The herein presented cytogenetic hybrid tumor shows that a crossover between the two different histogenetic “tracks” is possible.”
“The genome sequences of intestinal Bacteroidales strains reveal evidence of extensive horizontal gene transfer.

We

present a model where nucleotide and IHF interact with the large terminase subunit and viral DNA, respectively, to engender a site-specifically bound, catalytically competent genome maturation complex. In contrast, binding of nucleotide 4SC-202 in vivo to the low-affinity ATP binding site in the small terminase subunit mediates a conformational switch that down-regulates maturation activities and activates the DNA packaging activity of the enzyme. This affords a motor complex that binds tightly, but nonspecifically, to DNA as it translocates the duplex into the capsid shell. These studies have yielded mechanistic insight into the assembly of the maturation complex on viral DNA and its transition to a mobile packaging motor that may be common to all of the complex double-stranded DNA viruses.”
“Hypertension is accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which may contribute to progressive renal injury and

dysfunction. Here we tested the hypothesis that sensitivity to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is enhanced in immortalized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to normotensive control Wistar Kyoto rats (WRY). We found that SHR cells were more sensitive to H2O2-induced cell death than WKY cells. Lower survival in SHR cells correlated with increased DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and caspase-3 activity, indicating apoptosis. H2O2 degradation was slower in SHR than in WRY cells, suggesting that reduced antioxidant enzyme activity might selleck products be the basis for their increased sensitivity. In fact, catalase activity was downregulated in SHR cells, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was similar in both cell types.

We next examined whether MAPK signaling pathways contributed ACY-738 in vitro to H2O2-mediated apoptosis. Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) with SP600125 partially rescued H2O2-induced apoptosis in WRY but not in SHR cells. In addition, p54 JNK2 isoform was robustly phosphorylated by H2O2, this effect being more pronounced in SHR cells. Together, these results suggest that the survival disadvantage of SHR cells upon exposure to H2O2 stems from impaired antioxidant mechanisms and activated JNK proapoptotic signaling pathways. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Fluidized gas desulfurization gypsum is a popular agricultural soil amendment used to increase calcium and sulfur contents, and reduce aluminum toxicity. Due to its surface application in conservation tillage systems and high solubility, the soluble components of gypsum may be transferred with agricultural runoff into receiving waters. The current study measured toxicity of gypsum to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, Chironomus dilutus, and Hyalella azteca. Solutions at 2,400 mg gypsum/L (maximum solubility) produced no observable toxicity to C. dubia and P. promelas.

Locoregional relapse was approximately half in the EGFR mutant group compared with the EGFR wild-type group; however, this finding did not reach statistical significance.”
“This study

investigated the potential of aeration control for the achievement of N-removal over nitrite with aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors. N-removal over nitrite requires less COD, which is particularly interesting if COD is the limiting parameter for nutrient removal. The nutrient removal performances for COD, N and P have been analyzed as well as the concentration of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the granular sludge. Aeration phase length control combined with intermittent aeration or alternate high-low DO, has proven to be an efficient way to reduce the Selleckchem AZD4547 nitrite-oxidizing bacteria population and hence achieve N-removal over nitrite. N-removal efficiencies of up to 95% were achieved for

an influent wastewater with COD: N: P ratios of 20: 2.5: 1. The total N-removal rate was 0.18 kgN.m(-3) d(-1). With N-removal over nitrate the N-removal was only 74%. At 20 degrees C, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria concentration decreased by over 95% in 60 days and it was possible to switch from N-removal over nitrite to N-removal over nitrate and back again. At 15 degrees C, the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria concentration decreased too but less, and nitrite oxidation could not be completely suppressed. However, ABT 737 the combination of aeration phase length control and high-low DO was also at 15 GW-572016 degrees

C successful to maintain the nitrite pathway despite the fact that the maximum growth rate of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria at temperatures below 20 degrees C is in general higher than the one of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.”
“In the area of evolutionary theory, a key question is which portions of the genome of a species are targets of natural selection. Genetic hitchhiking is a theoretical concept that has helped to identify various such targets in natural populations. In the presence of recombination, a severe reduction in sequence diversity is expected around a strongly beneficial allele. The site frequency spectrum is an important tool in genome scans for selection and is composed of the numbers S1,:::, Sn-1 where Sk is the number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in k from n individuals. Previous work has shown that both the number of low-and high-frequency variants are elevated relative to neutral evolution when a strongly beneficial allele fixes. Here, we follow a recent investigation of genetic hitchhiking using a marked Yule process to obtain an analytical prediction of the site frequency spectrum in a panmictic population at the time of fixation of a highly beneficial mutation. We combine standard results from the neutral case with the effects of a selective sweep.

Accordingly, this work aims at evaluating a new and more friendly process based on the use of benign solvents with different hydrophobicities, namely common alimentary oil, polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, for the selective recovery of natural products, followed by pervaporation. Particularly, the extraction and fractionation of limonene from orange peels was studied and optimised,

where a high value product is obtained from a highly abundant material that is mostly disposed. Firstly, the best benign solvents were selected, in order to obtain high yields of extraction, and then pervaporation and vacuum distillation were compared after the extraction process, in order to obtain high yields of global recovery of limonene with the least contaminants possible. The integrated buy Galardin process selected was the

extraction of limonene from orange peels using polypropylene glycol 240 (PPG), followed by organophilic pervaporation, providing the selective recovery of limonene free of solvent.”
“A new multifunctional semirigid Schiff-base Vorinostat clinical trial ligand comprising two pyridyl (Py) and two benzimidazolyl (Bim) donor groups, 1,2-bis(1-(1-(pyridine-3-ylmethyl)benzimidazol-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine (L), has been synthesized, with which 10 coordination polymers of different transition metal ions, namely, [AgL]CF(3)SO(3)center dot CH(3)OH(n) (1), [Ag(2)L](p-CH(3)C(6)H(4)SO(3))(2)center dot 2CH(3)OH(n) (2), [Hg(3)LCl(6)]center dot CHCl(3)(n) (3), [HgLBr(2)](n) (4), [CdL(CH(3)CO(2))(2)H(2)O]center dot 1.5H(2)O(n)

(5), [CdLI(2)](n) (6), ([MnL(H(2)O)(4)](ClO(4))(2)center dot H(2)O}(n) (7), [MnL(p-CH(3)C(6)H(4)SO(3))(2)](n) LY2606368 (8), [ZnL(2)(CH(3)CN)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](CF(3)SO(3))(2)(n) (9), and [ZnL(2)(CH(3)CH(2)OH)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](p-CH(3)C(6)H(4)SO(3))(2)(n) (10) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In complexes 1, 2, and 3, L acts as a tetradentate ligand to connect four metal ions that show the same coordination environment in 1 or different coordination environments in 2 and 3, generating two-dimensional (2D) networks of the (4, 4) net topology. In complexes 4-8, 1, acts as a bidentate ligand to bridge two metal ions that display diversified coordination environments depending on coordination of the anions and/or water molecules. Complexes 4-7 have similar one-dimensional (1D) chain structures, while 8 is a three-dimensional (3D) framework with dia topology. In complexes 9 and 10, L acts as a monodentate ligand to form mononuclear coordination motifs. Besides versatile coordination modes, ligand 1, takes oil different conformations responsive to donor affinity of different metal ions.

“
“In this paper we consider two conditions, which characterize thin sequences in homeomorphic part of M(H(infinity)).”
“Objective To assess selleck compound the efficacy and safety of B-lymphocyte depletion therapy (BCDT) utilising rituximab in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myositis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 16 adult patients with active dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM) who received 1 gram rituximab intravenous infusions two weeks apart after failing to respond to conventional therapy. The clinical and biochemical response were analysed by the Myositis Intention to Treat index (MITAX) and the serum creatine kinase (CK) levels

at baseline and 6 and 12 months after treatment. The primary efficacy outcome was 20% improvement in the Crenolanib MITAX index and 30% reduction in CK. Results Eight patients responded to treatment and achieved both the

MITAX and CK levels objectives within 6 months of rituximab therapy. Five out of these 8 responders remained clinically stable at 12 months and CK levels were still reduced or normalised. Of note, 4 patients who did not respond were re-assessed and had their diagnoses corrected. All patients showed adequate B cell depletion (BCD) with re-population occurring for a 15.4 months average (range 3-42 months). Those simultaneously treated with cyclophosphamide achieved more long-lasting depletion (average 18.6 months). Conclusion The heterogeneous clinical and serological characteristics of patients diagnosed with IIM probably explain why some, but not all patients respond to rituximab. Myositis overlap and anti-synthetase syndromes seem to respond better than other patient subsets.”
“The influence of systemic administration MI-503 of cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil and rivastigmine on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was examined in rats. Additionally, this study aimed to compare the effects of donepezil, which selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase, and rivastigmine, which inhibits both acetylcholinesterase

and butyrylcholinesterase on morphine reward. Morphine-induced CPP (unbiased method) was induced by four injections of morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Donepezil (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) or rivastigmine (0.03, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were given 20 min before morphine during conditioning phase and 20 min before the expression or reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP. Our results indicated that both inhibitors of cholinesterase attenuated the acquisition and expression of morphine CPP. The results were more significant after rivastigmine due to a broader inhibitory spectrum of this drug. Moreover, donepezil (1 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg) attenuated the morphine CPP reinstated by priming injection of 5 mg/kg morphine. These properties of both cholinesterase inhibitors were reversed by mecamylamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist but not scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.

“
“The effects of aluminum (Al) exposure on reproductive functions of male rats were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats (4 weeks old) weighing 75-95 g were randomly divided into four groups and orally exposed to 0 (control group GC), 64.18 (low-dose group GL), 128.36 (middle-dose group GM), and 256.72 (high-dose group GH) mg/kg aluminum trichloride in drinking water for 120 days. The levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined

by radioimmunoassay. The androgen receptor (AR) expressions in testes were detected Volasertib respectively by immunohistochemistry and time quantitative PCR. Results showed that the levels of T and LH in GM and GH were lower than those in GC (P < 0.05), but there were no significant changes in FSH level in all Al-treated groups (P > 0.05). selleck products AR protein expressions in GM and GH were lower than those in GC (P < 0.05), and

there was a dose-response relationship between Al-exposure doses and AR protein expressions. The levels of AR mRNA expressions were lower in all Al-treated groups than those of GC (P < 0.05). The results indicate that Al can cause endocrinal disorders and interfere with AR expression, which suppresses development and functional maintenance of the testes.”
“Background and Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a general population in Taiwan.\n\nMethods: A validated symptom questionnaire, the Chinese GERD questionnaire, was utilized to determine the prevalence of GERD within a community in Taiwan. A cut-off value for GERD diagnosis was a total score >= 12. Additionally,

demographic data, including sex, age, body mass index, and consumption of tobacco and alcohol, were recorded, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to search the independent risk factors for the development of GERD in a general population.\n\nResults: In total, 1238 residents were recruited for this study. The monthly frequencies of heartburn, epigastric acidic discomfort, and acid regurgitation were 4.4%, 3.7%, and 2.9%, respectively. Smoothened Agonist ic50 The GERD prevalence was 25% in the community. The multivariate analysis showed that female sex and age of 40-49 years and 50-59 years were independent risk factors related to the development of GERD, with odd ratios of 1.71, 3.65, and 2.41, respectively (95% confidence intervals: 1.26-2.34, 1.62-8.21, and 1.11-2.54, respectively).\n\nConclusions: GERD has become a common disorder in the general population in Taiwan. Female sex and age of 40-49 years and 50-59 years are risk factors for the development of GERD within a community.”
“McArdle disease (MD) is a metabolic myopathy due to myophosphorylase deficiency.

Our report highlights that assessment of PFO in patient with carcinoid syndrome is of importance because it allows to detect patient at high risk of CHD progression AZD8186 cell line and percutaneous

PFO closure may thus be proposed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Obesity is associated with significantly increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms underlying this association have been implied, among which the intestinal barrier has gained a growing interest. In experimental models of obesity, significant alterations in the intestinal barrier lead to increased intestinal permeability, favoring translocation of microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharide to the bloodstream. This has been shown to result in a two-to threefold increase in its serum concentrations, a threshold named ‘metabolic endotoxemia’ (ME). ME may trigger toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory activation, eliciting a chronic low-grade proinflammatory

and pro-oxidative stress status, which may result in high CV risk and target-organ damage. In this review, we discuss the potential molecular implications of ME on several CV risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress, as well as its potential impact on the development of CV target-organ disease.”
“Transtympanic promontory stimulation test (TPST) has been suggested to be a useful tool in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients

at risk of poor auditory neuron functioning, especially after a long auditory deprivation. Cell Cycle inhibitor However, only sparse data are available on this topic. This study aimed at showing correlations between the auditory nerve dynamic range, evaluated by TPST, the electrical dynamic range of the cochlear implant and speech perception outcome. We evaluated 65 patients with postlingual hearing loss and no residual hearing, implanted with a Nucleus CI24 cochlear implant device for at least 2 years and with a minimum of 17 active BVD-523 cost electrodes. Using the TPST, we measured the threshold for auditory perception (T-level) and the maximum acceptable level of stimulation (M-level) at stimulation frequencies of 50, 100 and 200 Hz. General linear regression was performed to correlate 1/speech perception, evaluated using the PBK test 1 year after surgery, and 2/cochlear implant electrical dynamic range, with the age at time of implantation, the duration of auditory deprivation, the etiology of the deafness, the duration of cochlear implant use and auditory nerve dynamic range. Postoperative speech perception outcome correlated with etiology, duration of auditory deprivation and implant use, and TPST at 100 and 200 Hz. The dynamic range of the cochlear implant map correlated with duration of auditory deprivation, speech perception outcome at 6 months and TPST at 100 and 200 Hz. TPST test can be used to predict functional outcome after cochlear implant surgery in difficult cases.