“
“Objectives: The present study evaluates the feasibility

of rapid surveillance of community antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in India using nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) of school children. It compares the AMR data obtained Belnacasan molecular weight with that of invasive and nasopharyngeal (NP) isolates studied previously. No one has done such surveillance since our study so we decided to publish and more clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology we did.

Study Design and Setting: This community-based, cross-sectional, cluster sample study had seven centers; each had two sites distant to them. Two hundred sixty school children per center were enrolled. NP swabbing was performed and isolates identified as S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae at each center were sent to reference Q VD Oph laboratories.

Results: From January to December 2004, 1,988 NP swabs

were processed; 776 S. pneumoniae and 64 H. influenzae were isolated. The AMR patterns for S. pneumoniae to co-trimoxazole varied, with sensitivity as low as 6% in Mumbai, 29% in Chennai and Vellore, and 100% in Delhi and Lucknow. For H. influenzae, sensitivity rates to co-trimoxazole ranged from 22% to 62%. The AMR patterns for both bacteria in the present study with data from invasive and NP isolates studied earlier were similar.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that it is practical and feasible to rapidly assess the AMR patterns of both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in NPSs of school children in different geographic locations all over India. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“A procedure was developed for selective synthesis of 4,5-dialkyl-1-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-boroles via transmetalation of the corresponding aluminacyclopent-2-enes AZD6244 research buy with BF3 center dot Et2O. 4,5-Dialkyl-1-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-boroles were isolated as complexes with BEtF2. 4-Alkyl-5-dimethylaminomethyl-1-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-boroles

were synthesized for the first time.”
“This supplement presents the foundational elements for INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support). As explained in the overview article by Swinburn and colleagues, INFORMAS has a compelling rationale and has set forth clear objectives, outcomes, principles and frameworks for monitoring and benchmarking key aspects of food environments and the policies and actions that influence the healthiness of food environments. This summary highlights the proposed monitoring approaches for the 10 interrelated INFORMAS modules: public and private sector policies and actions; key aspects of food environments (food composition, labelling, promotion, provision, retail, prices, and trade and investment) and population outcomes (diet quality).