J Immunol 1998, 160:1290–1296.PubMed 33. Abramovitch RB, Rohde KH, Hsu FF, Russell DG: aprABC: A Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex-specific locus that modulates pH-driven adaptation to the macrophage phagosome. Mol Microbiol 2011, 80:678–694.PubMedCrossRef 34. Barrera LF, Skamene E, Radzioch D: Assessment of mycobacterial infection and multiplication in macrophages by polymerase chain reaction. J Immunol Methods 1993, 157:91–99.PubMedCrossRef 35. Abrink M, Gobl AE, Huang R, Nilsson K, Hellman L: Human cell lines U-937, THP-1 and Mono Mac 6 represent relatively immature cells of the monocyte-macrophage cell lineage.

Leukemia 1994, 8:1579–1584.PubMed 36. Ohashi K, Burkart V, Flohé S, Kolb H: Cutting edge: Heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex. J Immunol 2000, 164:558–561.PubMed 37. Bulut Y, Michelsen KS, Hayrapetian click here L, Naiki Y, Spallek R, Singh M, Arditi M: Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins use diverse toll-like

receptor pathways to activate pro-inflammatory signals. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:20961–20967.PubMedCrossRef 38. Harding CV, Boom WH: Regulation of antigen presentation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A role for Toll-like receptors. Nat Rev Microbiol 2010, 8:296–307.PubMedCrossRef 39. Korbel DS, Schneider BE, Schaible UE: Innate immunity in tuberculosis: myths and truth. Microbes Infect 2008, 10:995–1004.PubMedCrossRef 40. Matsumoto S, Matsumoto M, PF-6463922 mouse Umemori K, Ozeki Y, Furugen M, Tatsuo T, Hirayama Y, Yamamoto S, Yamada T, Kobayashi K: DNA augments antigenicity of mycobacterial

DNA-binding protein 1 and confers IMP dehydrogenase protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. J Immunol 2005, 175:441–449.PubMed 41. Lay G, Poquet Y, Salek-Peyron P, Puissegur MP, Botanch C, Bon H, Levillain F, Duteyrat JL, Emile JF, Altare F: Langhans giant cells from M. tuberculosis-induced human granulomas cannot mediate mycobacterial uptake. J Pathol 2007, 211:76–85.PubMedCrossRef 42. Stover CK, De La Cruz VF, Fuerst TR, Burlein JE, Benson LA, Bennett LT, Bansal GP, Young JF, Lee MH, Hatfull GF, et al.: New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines. Nature 1991, 351:456–460.PubMedCrossRef 43. Lewin A, Freytag B, Meister B, Sharbati-Tehrani S, Schäfer H, Appel B: Use of a Quantitative TaqMan-PCR for the Fast Quantification of Mycobacteria in Broth Culture, Eukaryotic Cell Culture and Tissue. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2003, 50:505–509.PubMedCrossRef 44. Desjardin LE, Perkins MD, Teixeira L, Cave MD, Eisenach KD: Alkaline decontamination of sputum specimens adversely affects stability of mycobacterial mRNA. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:2435–2439.PubMed 45. Hellyer TJ, Desjardin LE, Hehman GL, Cave MD, Eisenach KD: Quantitative analysis of mRNA as a marker for viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 1999, 37:290–295.PubMed Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.