The purpose of this study is to observe the season variations of the soft tissues,
as an indirect estimation of the nutritional condition of Italian Serie A elite male soccer players. Methods Resistance and reactance of the impedance vector (Z vector) were measured at 50 kHz (BIA 101 RJL, Akern Bioresearch, Florence, Italy) for a total of 18 players 27.6 ± 4.9 of age (Average ± DS) during a whole season. Inactive players, due to injury, were not tested. Tests were performed at the beginning(T0), BMS345541 at the end of the preseason training (T1), and afterwards every month (T2-T10) till the end of the championship. Eleven measurements were performed in total. Results The position of the average impedance vector significantly diverged (Hotelling T2 test, p < 0.001), indicating a more favourable condition of the soft tissues (hydration and/or mass) in the subsequent months: a) T1, T3-T6 e T10 in respect to T0; b) T2, T8 e T10 in respect to
T3; c) T10 in respect to T5; d) T10 in respect to T8. Conclusion The BIVA seems to be a promising and useful means of body composition analysis for elite soccer players, at least in terms of variation of soft tissues (mass and hydration).”
“Background A number of psychological interventions have been employed prior to and/or during SU5402 solubility dmso exercise and weight loss interventions in an attempt to influence exercise adherence, compliance, and/or success. However, few studies have evaluated whether these types of efforts influence program efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether having sedentary and overweight individuals experience the impact of losing weight on work capacity prior to initiation of an exercise and/or weight loss program would influence weight loss success. Methods Fifty-one sedentary women (35±8 yrs, 163±7 cm; 90±14 kg; 47±7% body fat, 34±5 kg/m2) were randomized to walk on an AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill® (AG) at 3 mph at 100% and 80% of body mass or were entered into a weight loss program directly
(WL). Participants were then randomized to participate in the Curves(C) exercise and Astemizole weight loss program or the Weight Watchers (W) weight loss program for 16-wks in order to examine whether this strategy may be more effective depending on the type of weight loss program employed. Participants in the C program were instructed to follow a 1,200 kcal/d diet for 1-week, 1,500 kcal/d diet for 3 weeks, and 2,000 kcals/d diet for 2-weeks consisting of 30% carbohydrate, 45% protein, and 30% fat. Subjects then repeated this diet. Subjects also participated in the Curves circuit style resistance training program 3 days/week and were encouraged to walk at brisk pace for 30-min on non-training days. This program involved performing 30-60 seconds of bi-directional hydraulic-based resistance-exercise on 13 machines interspersed with 30-60 seconds of low-impact callisthenic or Zumba dance exercise.