Methods: A prospective observational review of consecutive adult patients with non-traumatic OHCA was conducted between September 2008 and February 2010. Patients with initiation of prehospital CPR were included as part of a statewide cardiac resuscitation quality improvement program. A monitor-defibrillator with accelerometer-based CPR measurement capability (E-series, ZOLL Medical) was utilized. CPR quality measures included variability in chest compression (CC) depth and rate, mean depth and rate,

and the CC fraction. Variability Cyclopamine in vitro of CC was defined as the mean of minute-to-minute standard deviation in CC depth or rate. CC fraction was defined as the percent of time that CPR was being performed when appropriate throughout resuscitation.

Results: Fifty-seven adult patients with OHCA had electronic CPR data recorded at the scene, in the ambulance, and upon arrival in the ED. Across time periods, there was increased variability in CC depth (scene: 0.20 in.; transport: 0.26 in.; ED: 0.31 in., P < 0.01) and rate (scene: 18.2 CC min(-1); transport: 26.1 CC min(-1); ED: 26.3 CC min(-1), P < 0.01). The mean CC depth, rate, and the CC fraction did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: There

was increased CC variability from the prehospital scene to the ED though there was no difference in mean CC depth, rate, or in CC fraction. The clinical significance of CC variability remains to be determined. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“When proteolytic enzymes were first introduced to common laundry detergents in the 1960s, their ability to cause Citarinostat order hypersensitivity due to exposure by inhalation was soon recognized as a problem, especially for production workers. Subsequently, formulations and manufacturing methods were developed to minimize exposure to enzymes via inhaled dust particles. Although detergents containing proteases are now considered safe for consumers, the experience with laundry pre-spotter products is not as extensive. Two studies were undertaken to examine the risk of sensitization to protease (i.e. Savinase (R)) used in a trigger-spray

laundry pre-spotter product. The first was a laboratory study Prexasertib mouse simulating a very heavy-use scenario in a controlled environment cubical chamber (14.5 m(3)). The product was applied to a series of fabric targets held vertically over a standard washing machine. Eight replicates of the experiment were done, using 30 sprays for each replicate. Airborne particle distributions in the breathing zone were characterized using a TSI particle analyzer. Enzyme concentrations in air were measured using PTFE membrane filters that were frozen until analyzed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated that aerosol concentrations returned to baseline within 10 min, during which the average enzyme concentration in air was 17 +/- 1.6 and 12 +/- 0.