Kinetic analysis PF-03084014 cost results indicated that the effective activation energy (E(alpha)) decreased with increasing the extent of conversion (alpha) for TMBP/DAP system because diffusion-controlled reaction dominated the curing reaction gradually in the later cure stage. TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system had higher E(alpha) values than those of TMBP/DAP system in the early cure stage (alpha < 0.35), and an increase phenomenon of
E(alpha) similar to alpha dependence in the later cure stage (alpha >= 0.60) due to kinetic-controlled reaction in the later cure stage. Such complex E(alpha) similar to alpha dependence of TMBP/DAP/HPCTP(10 wt %) system might be associated with the change of the physical state (mainly viscosity) of the curing system due to the introduction of HPCTP. These cured epoxy resins had very high glass transition temperatures (202-235 degrees C), excellent thermal stability with high 5 wt % decomposition temperatures (>340 degrees C) and high char yields (>25.6 wt %). (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 1397-1404, 2009″
“Background and object: There was no Chinese questionnaire to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). In this study, we aimed to validate a new disease-specific HRQoL scale for HFS (HFS-36) in Chinese version, and compared it to SF-36, a generic
HRQoL scale.
Patients and Methods: The HFS-36 Chinese version was modified from English version S63845 clinical trial of HFS-30, including subscales of mobility, activities of daily living (ADL), emotional
well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, bodily discomfort, and communication. All the items were scored on the 5-point scales, ranging from 0(never) to 4(always). Patients with HFS were asked to answer HFS-36 and SF-36 questionnaires on the same day before and 6-8 weeks after Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections, respectively. The reliability and validity of HFS-36 scale were evaluated statistically.
Results: CP-456773 datasheet Totally, 103 patients (68 females; 35 males) were recruited in this study, with a mean age of 57.6 +/- 11.5 years and a mean duration of HFS for 7.6 +/- 5.8 years. The intra-class correlation (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha were over 0.7 in the majority of items. HFS-36 showed a good correlation to HFS severity before BTX treatment and a significant improvement of subscale scoring after BTX treatment. HFS-36 also had a significant correlation to the mental health of SF-36.
Conclusions: The Chinese version of HFS-36 demonstrated a good reliability and validity in subscales of motility, ADL, emotion well-being, stigma and bodily discomfort. The HRQoL was significantly improved after BTX treatment assessed by HFS-36 or SF-36. Compared to SF-36, HFS-36 scale was more sensitive and specific to evaluate the HRQoL in HFS.