Conclusions. Maternal overweight, advanced age, smoking and the duration of DFMs are the characteristics that help in identifying pregnancies that should be targeted for intensified management. Time matters and knowledge-based information are needed to improve foetal health.”
“The study deals with the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on the sludge of handmade paper

and cardboard industrial waste. These industrial wastes are rich in cellulosic and lignocellulosic pulp residues which can be used as a novel substrate for the cultivation of mushrooms. These industrial JQEZ5 Epigenetics inhibitor wastes were used alone and in combination with wheat straw for the cultivation of mushroom. To assess suitability of mushroom (carpophores) for consumption, cultivated carpophores analyzed for nutritional content and genotoxicity by standard AOAC methods and Ames test, respectively. A significant decrease in the biological efficiency, protein and fat of the said mushroom (only in the mentioned sludges) was observed, nevertheless, carpophores possessed a high amount of Dinaciclib frameshift mutagens and thus being non-consumable. Contrastingly, the carpophores that were developed on the absolute equal combination

of industrial sludge and wheat straw were found to possess high biological efficiency, protein, carbohydrate and fat content whereas decrease frameshift mutagens. On boiling the aqueous extract of mushroom, a further decrease in frameshift mutagens was observed. In conclusion, the use of combination of sludge and wheat straw not only increased the biological efficiency but also provided less mutagenic carpophores and mutagenicity VS-6063 of these carpophores further reduced on boiling. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Dietary fat intake may modify Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk directly or by altering the response to environmental neurotoxicants including pesticides.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of PD nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and spouses. We evaluated

diet and pesticide use before diagnosis in 89 PD cases, confirmed by movement disorder specialists, or a corresponding date in 336 frequency-matched controls. Associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results: In the AHS, PD was inversely associated with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8 for highest vs. lowest tertile) and the N-3 precursor alpha-linolenic acid (0.4, 0.2-0.8). In a meta-analysis of nine studies, including the present one, PD was inversely associated with a-linolenic acid (0.81, 0.68-0.96). In the AHS, associations of PD with the pesticides paraquat and rotenone were modified by fat intake. The OR for paraquat was 4.2 (1.5-12) in individuals with PUFA intake below the median but 1.2 (0.4-3.4) in those with higher intake (p-interaction = 0.10).