coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum (Schnetz et al., 1987; Schnetz & Rak, 1988; An et al., 2004). As bgl operons are known to participate in the transport and utilization of β-glucosides, the organization of the three genes of clone P11-6B could be functional and responsible for the observed β-glucosidase activity. The bglB ORF was cloned into the expression vector pET30b and the resulting vector pET30b-GH1-P11-6B was introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3)*pLys in order to overexpress the BglB protein after IPTG induction. The protein with its carboxy-terminal

histidine tag was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Cell induction was monitored and purification fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (Fig. 2). One protein band was observed in elution fractions E1 and E2 containing 100 and 250 mM imidazole, respectively. The size corresponding to the BglB protein band

was about 50 kDa, which is close to the mass predicted from the amino acid sequence Trametinib manufacturer of the protein. The purified protein was dialyzed against buffer to remove the imidazole. This is an http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html important step of the purification protocol because imidazole can inhibit β-glucosidase activity (Li & Byers, 1989). The pNPG-hydrolyzing activity of the purified β-glucosidase was characterized in terms of its pH and temperature ranges, thermostability, substrate specificity, responses to different ions, and kinetic constants. When tested at 40 °C in different buffers over the pH range 4.0–9.0, Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) the activity was found to depend on both the

nature of the buffer and the pH (Fig. 3a). It was maximal in 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0. This kind of buffer and this pH range were already shown for several bacterial β-glucosidases (Gekas & Lopez-Levia, 1985; An et al., 2004; Kuo & Lee, 2008; Jeng et al., 2010). Some strong differences in enzymatic activity were observed between sodium acetate buffer and sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and between sodium phosphate buffer and Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.0. These differences observed were similar to the data described in the literature. The different kind of buffers affected the activity of the β-glucosidases from Bacillus circulans ssp. Alkalophilus and Bacillus subtilis natto. The high activity of these enzymes was shown at pH 6.0 in sodium phosphate buffer (Paavilainen et al., 1993; Kuo & Lee, 2008). In the presence of Tris-HCl buffer the inhibition of enzymatic activity would be in relation to a modification in the conformation or charge distribution (Patchett et al., 1987). In 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0, when the incubation temperature was raised from 0 to 55 °C (Fig. 3b), maximal activity was observed at 40 °C, dropping by about 27% at 45 °C. At temperatures above 50 °C, the protein precipitated. Thermostability data were obtained by preincubating the BglB protein at various temperatures for 30 min and then measuring the residual activity under standard conditions.