CDM care has the potential to improve the quality of care for people with addictions. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents a chronic cholestatic liver disease with fibroobliterative sclerosis of intra- and/or extrahepatic bile ducts, eventually leading to biliary cirrhosis. The association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA haplotypes and the presence of autoantibodies in sera of

PSC patients support a crucial role for immune-mediated mechanisms in the initiation and progression of PSC. The strong clinical association Caspase inhibitor in vivo between PSC and inflammatory bowel diseases led to intriguing pathogenetic concepts, in which the inflamed gut with translocation of bacterial products TH-302 in vitro and homing of gut-primed memory T lymphocytes via aberrantly expressed adhesion molecules plays a fundamental role. Genetically or chemically modified bile composition was shown to induce sclerosing cholangitis and liver fibrosis in a number of animal models (“”toxic bile concept”"). The potential role of vascular injury with ischemia of bile duct epithelium cells in the

development of sclerosing cholangitis is supported by animal models of endothelial cell injury showing close morphological similarities with human PSC. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most frequent embryonic communication between the carotid and vertebro-basilar system. PTA is a pathophysiology phenomenon which has been implicated as a rare cause of cranial nerve dysfunction. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman who developed

a complete oculomotor nerve palsy caused by a persistent ecstatic trigeminal artery. Brain MRI and MRA studies documented a neurovascular conflict between the oculomotor nerve and a PTA. To the best of our knowledge there is no report about complete β-Nicotinamide price third cranial nerve palsy NC due to a PTA. A role of this rare vascular condition is discussed.”
“This study aimed to describe alcohol consumption in Mozambique, discriminating binge drinking behaviour and the weekday variation in drinking patterns, and to quantify the association between socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol intake.

A representative sample of 3265 Mozambicans aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2005 following the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). The consumption of any type of alcoholic beverage, during life and in the previous year, was recorded. Current drinkers were also asked about the number of standard drinks consumed in each day of the previous week.

The overall prevalence of current dinking was 28.9% [95% confidence interval (95% Cl): 22.6-35.2] in women and 57.7% (95% Cl: 49.8-65.7) in men. Forty percent of the current drinkers reported to have had at least one binge drinking occasion in the previous week. The prevalence of current drinking increased with age and education among women and with income among men.