Of these characteristics, angiogenesis is the most selleck chemicals significant because it is essential for the other biological Z-VAD-FMK manufacturer characteristics [7]. Several investigation about the angiogenesis of some kinds of malignant tumors such as breast and prostate cancer [8], head and neck cancer [9] have demonstrated that it is an intricate multistep and temporally ordered process that involves a great number of genes, modifiers and pathways regulated by HIF-1α. Some of these genes are directly induced by

HIF-1α, such as NOS(nitric oxide synthases), angiogenic and vascular growth factors(VEGF) and urokinasetype plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Others are indirectly regulated by HIF-1α and might be influenced by secondary mechanisms. SCLC exhibits high expression levels of HIF-1α [10, 11] and early hematogenous metastasis to other organs, such as brain, kidney, and liver, which relies on tumor angiogenesis [12]. However, the effect of HIF-1α on the angiogenic potential and regulation of angiogenic gene expression levels that influence this biological process have not been previously reported. In our study, www.selleckchem.com/products/mcc950-sodium-salt.html we will use appropriate experimental methods to investigate these points. For the in vivo study, we used the chick embryo chorioallantoic

membrane (CAM) as the experimental model. CAM is an easily accessible and highly vascularized structure lining the inner surface of the egg shell that has been used to measure the invasive and angiogenic properties

of tumor cell xenografts for the loss of the mature immune system in the early phase of development [13, 14]. Several studies have investigated the formation of CAM vessels at different stages of development [15–17]. In this model, tumor cells are grafted to the CAM to reproduce the tumor characteristics in vivo including tumor mass formation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Tumor explants and tumor cell suspensions have been shown to invade VAV2 the chorionic epithelium and to form visible masses within 3 d to 5 d. After implantation and transplantation, the tumors can be macroscopically observed in the CAM [18]. Moreover, the growth and angiogenic responses of the transplantation tumors can be examined using microscopy and quantified for analysis. Therefore, the CAM model is an ideal model for cancer research [19, 20]. With regard to the possible difference of growth and angiogenic responses after transduction by HIF-1α or siHIF-1α into SCLC cells, we think that HIF-1α may regulate the expression of some genes responsible for these biological characteristics.