8% NaCl intake by rats treated with FURO ( Fig. 3A). For all the times tested, sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake after PPADS + α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN was not different from control test with saline injections into the LPBN (p > 0.1, Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 3A). However, sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake after PPADS + α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN was significantly different from the intake after saline combined with α,β-methylene ATP injections into the LPBN for all the times tested, with p values ranging from p < 0.05 at 15 min to p < 0.001 from 30 to 120 min (Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 3A). Injections of α,β-methylene ATP or PPADS alone or combined

into the LPBN produced no effect on water intake by sodium depleted rats [F(3,27) = 0.13; p > 0.05] ( Fig. 3B). ANOVA showed significant differences on sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake comparing Dabrafenib mouse rats treated with bilateral injections of α,β-methylene ATP (2.0 nmol/0.2 μl each site) or saline after pretreatment with suramin (2 nmol/0.2 μl) or saline into the LPBN [F(3,24) = 35.47; p < 0.001] ( Fig. 4A). Bilateral injections of α,β-methylene ATP (2.0 nmol/0.2 μl each site) after pretreatment with saline into the LPBN increased sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake from 30 to 120 min of the

test with p values ranging from p < 0.05 at 30 min to p < 0.001 from 45 to 120 min (Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 4A). In contrast, bilateral injections of suramin (2 nmol/0.2 μl) + saline AG-14699 into the LPBN decreased sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake from 15 to 120 min of the test (p < 0.001 for all the times, Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 4A). Unlike bilateral injections of suramin or α,β-methylene ATP + saline into the LPBN, the combination of suramin and α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN produced no change in 1.8% NaCl intake by rats treated with FURO (Fig. 4A). For all the times tested, sodium depletion-induced

1.8% NaCl intake after suramin + α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN was not different from control test with saline injections into the LPBN Olopatadine (p > 0.5 for all times, Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 4A). However, sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake after suramin + α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN was significantly different from 1.8% NaCl intake after saline + α,β-methylene ATP injections into the LPBN from 30 to 120 min of the test, with p values ranging from p < 0.05 at 30 min to p < 0.001 from 45 to 120 min (Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 4A). Sodium depletion-induced 1.8% NaCl intake after combining suramin and α,β-methylene ATP into the LPBN was also significantly different from 1.8% NaCl intake after saline + suramin injections into the LPBN from 15 to 120 min of test (p < 0.001 for all the times, Newman–Keuls post hoc test) ( Fig. 4A).