Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:471-9.\n\nObjectives: To examine the effect of reaching in different directions on postural adjustment in children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP), and to examine the relationship between hand reach performance and postural adjustment, and between postural control ability and postural adjustment.\n\nDesign: Cross-sectional study.\n\nSetting: A movement

science laboratory at a medical university.\n\nParticipants: Children with CP (n=12) and typically developing (TD) children (n=16).\n\nInterventions: Not applicable.\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Two force platforms were used to measure the ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (COP) data. Absolute peak COP velocity, COP sway ratio (SR), and mean GRF in the anterior

posterior GDC-0973 molecular weight direction during the acceleration and deceleration segments of a reaching task were the main outcome measures.\n\nResults: Children with https://www.selleckchem.com/screening/ion-channel-ligand-library.html CP showed a greater absolute peak COP velocity in the medial lateral direction, a smaller SR (wider COP pattern), and greater amplitude of force modulation (exaggerated postural adjustments) than TD children in lateral or medial reaches. There was a moderate correlation between SR and total Pediatric Reach Test score. The chair SR was also negatively correlated with the hand movement units.\n\nConclusions: Selleckchem INCB024360 Children with CP showed wider, more crooked, and less efficient COP patterns than TD children, especially on medial or lateral reaches. Reaching medially or laterally involves trunk rotation, which produces more postural challenges than reaching anteriorly to children with CP. The patterns of postural adjustments in children with CP were correlated with their postural control ability and hand-reach smoothness.”
“Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive

after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. However infertility is a clinical presentation and not a disease. Thus to be able to offer a new classification, it is necessary to apply a clinical presentation (philosophy) suggested by the University of Calgary in 1991. In recent years several classification algorithms have been proposed which apply key predictors of clinical, imaging, or morphological types to determine the diseases that can cause infertility. On the other hand, an algorithm is a product of an expert’s mind after many years of practice and experience, which is too difficult to understand by a medical student. However there has not been any simple schematic classification based on a logical justification applying integration of etiologies with basic science to break down etiologies into categories, subcategories and disease classes of this clinical presentation.

These developments will create opportunities for deeper studies of cancer genetics and the clinical application of genome sequencing, and will motivate further research in cancer pathogenesis.”
“Objective: In the DSM-IV, individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and those with purging disorder (PD) receive a diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), suggesting no meaningful differences between clinical presentations. This article compares PD and BED on eating disorder severity and comorbid disorders.\n\nMethod: Individuals with PD (n = 33), DSM-IV BED

(n = 23 with BMI >30 kg/m(2), and n = 18 with BMI between 18.5 and 26.5 kg/m(2)), and noneating disorder controls (n = 35) completed SCID-I interviews and questionnaires.\n\nResults: Eating disorder groups reported significantly greater depression, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint and more Axis I disorders compared find more with controls. Compared with both the obese and normal weight BED groups, PD reported significantly greater dietary restraint and body dissatisfaction. Compared with obese BED, PD reported lower prevalence of impulse control disorders.\n\nDiscussion: Findings support differentiating among EDNOS based on behavioral presentation in both research Acalabrutinib in vitro and future nosological schemes such as the DSM-V.

(C) 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Objective: Atrial septal defect is one of the most commonly encountered congenital heart diseases in adults. The effect of age of the patient to the surgery is disputable. The purpose of this report was to evaluate surgical repair in patients with ASD who are operated in our clinic. Methods: Total 40 patients were subjected to surgical repair due to ASD in Van Yuksek lhtisas Education and Research Hospital between February 2006 and April 2009. Twenty

seven of the patients were female and 13 were male, their ages differed between 8 and 71 and mean age of the patients was 33.70 +/- 14.04. Result: Operative mortality did not occur. Two of our patients had coronary arterial disease in addition check details to ASD. ASD repair was performed together with coronary bypass surgery. Closing of ASD resulted in an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, and a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiothoracic ratio. Recovery in the functional capacity was observed post-surgery according to NYHA. Conclusion: in this series, surgical results of the patients of various ages, with ASD closed were positive.”
“The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in the regulation of cellular growth and apoptosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, over-expression of the human wtp53 leads to growth inhibition and cell death on minimal medium. In the present work, we showed that deletion of the nuclear localization signal (NLSI) of p53 restores the yeast growth.

Chronic progressive headaches often indicate a serious underlying pathology such as a brain tumor and warrant a detailed neurological examination for signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and focal deficits. Children with abnormal neurological findings require a neuroimaging. CT scan

usually detects most of the abnormalities. Initial stabilization and management of raised ICP takes precedence in sick children. While simple analgesics like paracetamol and ibuprofen are used for symptomatic therapy, identification and appropriate treatment of underlying conditions is necessary for complete resolution of headache.”
“Localized-surface-plasmon (LSP)-enhancement effect on one-photon BMS-777607 price photochromic ring-opening reaction of two diarylethene (DE) derivatives was studied using absorption Selleckchem Lazertinib spectroscopy.

DEs were doped in polymer films and those were coated onto Au-nanoparticles-integrated substrates. Acceleration of the one-photon photochromic reactions was observed in the presence of Au nanoparticles. The origin of the behavior was attributed to an enhancement effect of incident electromagnetic field by LSP. An alternative mechanism, i.e., photothermal effect was also experimentally examined and discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Spin Hall effect in a superconductor is theoretically studied. The spin injection from a ferromagnet into a superconductor creates quasiparticle spin and charge currents in SC, which generate charge

and spin currents in the transverse direction to accumulate spin and charge imbalance near the side edges of a superconductor. A giant enhancement of spin and charge accumulation signals in the side jump and skew scattering mechanisms of the spin Hall effect is predicted to occur at low temperatures in the superconducting state. (C) 2012 The Japan Society of Applied Physics”
“Aim Fire is a key agent in savanna systems, yet the capacity to predict fine-grained population phenomena selleck chemical under variable fire regime conditions at landscape scales is a daunting challenge. Given mounting evidence for significant impacts of fire on vulnerable biodiversity elements in north Australian savannas over recent decades, we assess: (1) the trajectory of fire-sensitive vegetation elements within a particularly biodiverse savanna mosaic based on long-term monitoring and spatial modelling; (2) the broader implications for northern Australia; and (3) the applicability of the methodological approach to other fire-prone settings. Location Arnhem Plateau, northern Australia. Methods We apply data from long-term vegetation monitoring plots included within Kakadu National Park to derive statistical models describing the responses of structure and floristic attributes to 15 years of ambient (non-experimental) fire regime treatments.

\n\nThe present study was designed to examine whether alcohol’s effects on top-down cognitive control would generalize to the oculomotor system during inhibition of hardwired saccadic responses.\n\nHealthy social drinkers (N = 22) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and eye movement tracking during alcohol

(0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg for women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. They performed visually guided prosaccades (PS) towards a target and volitional antisaccades (AS) away from it. To mitigate possible vasoactive effects of alcohol on the BOLD PI3K inhibitor (blood oxygenation level-dependent) signal, resting perfusion was quantified with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and used as a covariate in the BOLD analysis.\n\nSaccadic

conflict was subserved by a distributed frontoparietal network. However, alcohol intoxication selectively attenuated activity only in the ACC to volitional AS and erroneous responses.\n\nThis study provides converging evidence for the selective ACC vulnerability Bcr-Abl inhibitor to alcohol intoxication during conflict across different response modalities and executive tasks, confirming its supramodal, high-level role in cognitive control. Alcohol intoxication may impair top-down regulative functions by attenuating the ACC activity, resulting in behavioral disinhibition and decreased self-control.”
“Termites harbor a symbiotic gut microbial community that is responsible for their ability to thrive on recalcitrant plant matter. The community comprises diverse microorganisms, most of which are as yet uncultivable; the detailed symbiotic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we present the first complete genome sequence of a termite gut symbiont-an uncultured bacterium

named Rs-D17 belonging to the candidate phylum Termite Group 1 (TG1). TG1 is a dominant group in termite guts, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cbl0137-cbl-0137.html found as intracellular symbionts of various cellulolytic protists, without any physiological information. To acquire the complete genome sequence, we collected Rs-D17 cells from only a single host protist cell to minimize their genomic variation and performed isothermal whole-genome amplification. This strategy enabled us to reconstruct a circular chromosome (1,125,857 bp) encoding 761 putative protein-coding genes. The genome additionally contains 121 pseudogenes assigned to categories, such as cell wall biosynthesis, regulators, transporters, and defense mechanisms. Despite its apparent reductive evolution, the ability to synthesize 15 amino acids and various cofactors is retained, some of these genes having been duplicated. Considering that diverse termite-gut protists harbor TG1 bacteria, we suggest that this bacterial group plays a key role in the gut symbiotic system by stably supplying essential nitrogenous compounds deficient in lignocelluloses to their host protists and the termites.

Most patients mobilized readily: close to 85% of the patients had a level of 20/mu L to >500/mu L of CD34(+) cells at the peak of stimulation. Of the 840 patients, 129 (15.3%) were considered to be PMs, defined as patients who had a peak concentration of <20/mu L of CD34(+) cells upon stimulation with granulocytecolony

stimulating factor (G-CSF) subsequent to induction chemotherapy appropriate for the respective disease. Among them, 38 (4.5%) patients had CD34(+) levels between II and 19/mu L at maximum stimulation, defined as “borderline” PM, 49 (5.8%) patients had CD34(+) levels between 6 and 10/mu L defined as “relative” PM, and 42 patients (5%) with levels of <5/mu L, defined as “absolute” PM. There was no difference in the incidence of PM between patients with MM versus those with NHL. Sex, age, body weight (b.w.) and previous irradiation Selleckchem A-1155463 therapy did not make any significant difference. Only the total number of cycles of previous chemotherapy (P = .0034), and previous treatment with melphalan (Mel; P = .0078) had a significant impact on the ability to selleck chemicals mobilize. For the good mobilizers, the median time to recovery of the white blood cells (WBCs) to 1.0/nL or more was 13 days with a range of 7 to 22 days, whereas for the PM group it was 14 days with

a range of 8 to 37 days. This difference was statistically not significant. The median time to recovery of the platelets counts to an unmaintained level of >20/nL was 11 days with a range of 6 to 17 days for the good mobilizers, whereas for the PM it was I I days with a range of 7 to 32 days. Again, this difference was not significant. The HSP990 research buy majority of the patients today intended for autologous transplantations were able to mobilize readily. As long as >= 2.0 x 10(6) of CD34(+) cells/kg b.w. have been collected, PM was not associated with inferior engraftment. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 16: 490-499 (2010) (C) 2010 American Society for Blood Marrow Transplantation”
“Study Design. We used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to examine the bone

mineral densities (BMDs) of the vertebral bodies at the fused level (the fused vertebral BMDs), at the unfused level (the unfused vertebral BMDs), and the intertransverse fusion mass (the fusion mass BMD) after instrumented intertransverse process fusion.\n\nObjective. We wanted to determine whether there are any relationships among the unfused vertebral BMDs, the fused vertebral BMD, and the fusion mass BMD after successful solid union.\n\nSummary of Background Data. Device-related vertebral osteoporosis is a well-known phenomenon that occurs in an early adaptive phase after instrumented spinal fusion. However, any relationships among the unfused vertebral BMDs, the fused vertebral BMD, and the fusion mass BMD in a later phase after obtaining successful spinal union are unknown.\n\nMethods.

The formation of osteoclast-like cells (defined as multinucleated, tartrate-resistant

acid phosphatase-positive cells) was assessed at 7 and 14 days. In the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, with and without IL-6, more osteoclasts were formed from TR- PBMCs than from TR+ PBMCs on plastic. More osteoclasts were formed from TR+ PBMCs on bone slices in the presence of M-CSF/RANKL with 1,25(OH)(2)D. This opposite effect may be due to a higher expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in TR+ osteoclasts and precursors on bone. Formation of resorption pits was analyzed and confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. In conclusion, we propose that TR+ PBMCs when cultured on bone are sensitive to 1,25(OH)(2)D, CB-839 chemical structure whereas the differentiation of TR- PMBCs on bone seem more sensitive to IL-6, suggesting that osteoclast precursors from cats with and without tooth resorption respond differently to osteoclast stimulating factors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Conventional and molecular chromosomal analyses were carried out on three populations of Apareiodon ibitiensis sampled from the hydrographic find more basins of the Sao Francisco River and Upper Parana River (Brazil). The results reveal a conserved diploid number (2n = 54 chromosomes), a karyotype formula consisting of 50 m-sm + 4st and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome

system that has not been previously identified for the species. C-banding analysis with propidium iodide staining revealed centromeric and terminal bands located in the chromosomes of the specimens from the three populations and allowed the identification of heteromorphism of heterochromatin regions in the Z and W chromosomes. The number of 18S sites located through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) varied between the populations of the Sao Francisco and Upper Parana Rivers. The location of 5S rDNA sites proved comparable in one pair of metacentric chromosomes. Thus, the present study proposes a ZZ/ZW sex

chromosome system for A. ibitiensis among the Parodontidae, and a hypothesis is presented regarding possible W chromosome differentiation stages in this species through DNA accumulation, showing geographical variations for this characteristic, possibly LY2835219 supplier as a consequence of geographical reproductive isolation. (C) 2009 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2009 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles”
“Objective: The study investigates whether preintervention depressive symptoms predict weight loss and whether an increase in depressive symptoms during a group-based lifestyle intervention of 1 year’s duration is associated with failure in weight reduction while controlling for the influence of psychosocial risks. Method: Participants were 136 overweight and obese children and adolescents between 7 and 15 years, who had been referred for weight reduction treatment by local pediatric practices.

“
“Several novel sulfides, called garlicnins B-2 (1), B-3 (2), B-4 (3), Z-DEVD-FMK price C-2 (4), and C-3 (5), were isolated from acetone extracts of garlic, Allium sativum L. and characterized.

These garlicnins are capable of suppressing M2 macrophage activation and they have a novel skeleton of cyclic sulfoxide. The structures of the former 3 and latter of 2 were deduced to be 2-(sulfenic acid)-5-(allyl)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrothiophene-S-oxides and 2-(allyldithiine)-5-(propenylsulfoxide)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrothiophene-S-oxides, respectively. The mechanism of the proposed production of these compounds is discussed. The identification of these novel sulfoxides from garlic accumulates a great deal of new chemistry in the Allium sulfide field, and future pharmacological investigations of these compounds will aid the development of natural, healthy foods and anti-cancer agents that may prevent or combat disease.”
“Three

new polyether squalene derivatives 15-dehydroxythyrsenol A (2), prethyrsenol A (3) and 13-hydroxyprethyrsenol A (4) have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia viridis. Their structures were determined through the interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data and chemical correlations. In addition, four semi-synthetic compounds modulating the solubility of the lead compound dehydrothyrsiferol (1) were prepared without loss of activity. The cytotoxicity of the new DMH1 cell line compounds exhibited low mu M activities. In order to explain their biological properties, docking AG-120 chemical structure simulations of the natural and synthetic compounds onto the alpha v beta 3 integrin binding region were carried out. (C) 2011 Elsevier

Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Here we address the role of RIG-I and TLR3 in differential cytokine responses against Simian Virus 5 (SV5) and two distinct cytokine inducing SV5 mutants. IFN-beta and IL-6 secretion was induced by infection with P/V-CPI-, an SV5 mutant with P/V substitutions, and were reduced by either siRNA-mediated knockdown of RIG-I expression or by expression of a dsRNA-binding protein. TLR3 overexpression did not alter cytokine secretion induced by P/V-CPI- or by Le-(U5C, A14G), an SV5 promoter mutant. TLR3 signaling by addition of exogenously added dsRNA was not blocked by WT SV5 or either SV5 mutant. Unexpectedly, TLR3 activation in infected cells led to enhanced IL-8 secretion, which correlated with increased RIG-I expression. Dominant negative RIG-I and TRIF supported a model whereby TLR3 activation upregulates RIG-I expression and in turn hypersensitizes cells to RIG-I-mediated cytokine secretion. Implications for crosstalk between different innate immunity pathways in mounting antiviral responses to paramyxoviruses are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The CSM based on this cavity is of similar accuracy in the prediction of aqueous solvation Gibbs energies of small neutral molecules and ions as other CSMs with a smooth cavity. We apply the model to systems in non-aqueous solution, i.e., spiropyran/merocyanin energetics, a proton transfer reaction in dimethyl sulfoxide, and the electrostatic screening of charged gold clusters in an ionic liquid. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.”
“In the title compound, C(8)H(10)N(2)O(2), the acetohydrazide group is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation PND-1186 of 0.028 angstrom. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center

dot O, N-H center dot center dot center dot O and N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds into infinite sheets lying parallel to (001). The acetohydrazide O atom accepts two N-H center dot center dot center dot O links and one C-H center dot center dot center dot O link.”
“Two energy grass species, switch grass, a North American tuft grass, Blebbistatin cost and reed canary grass, a European native, are likely to be important sources of biomass in Western Europe for the production of biorenewable

energy. Matching chemical composition to conversion efficiency is a primary goal for improvement programmes and for determining the quality of biomass feed-stocks prior to use and there is a need for methods which allow cost effective characterisation of chemical composition at high rates of sample through-put. In this paper we demonstrate that nitrogen content and alkali index, parameters greatly influencing thermal conversion efficiency, can be accurately predicted in dried samples of these AR-13324 mouse species grown under a range of agronomic conditions by partial least square regression of Fourier transform infrared spectra (R(2) values for

plots of predicted vs. measured values of 0.938 and 0.937, respectively). We also discuss the prediction of carbon and ash content in these samples and the application of infrared based predictive methods for the breeding improvement of energy grasses. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An efficient and practical Method for the synthesis of unsymmetric benzils from readily available beta-ketoaldehydes has been developed. Various unsymmetric 1,2-diaryldiketones bearing functional groups have been obtained in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. A plausible mechanism was proposed, and alpha,alpha-dichloroketone was considered as the key intermediate. The generation of alpha,alpha-dichloroketones from beta-ketoaldehydes may undergo the following steps: (1) oxidation by sodium hypochlorite, (2) decarboxylation, and (3) chlorination by Cl-2 generated from sodium hypochlorite.”
“Objectives: Studies have been done that have focused on the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of cases of childhood tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Novel immune stimulatory drugs such

as (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 CTLA-4) directed therapies provide a realistic opportunity to directly test this hypothesis in the clinic. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This study evaluates how harvesting regimes (HRs) of grass silage influences economic return and optimal use of inputs, in particular fertilisers and concentrates, in dairy goat farming in mountainous areas of Norway. Goats in such areas are fed indoors with conserved silages (mostly grass silage) and concentrate supplements for up to 9 months a year. A whole-farm linear programming model was developed to examine three HRs: very early (HR1), early (HR2) and normal (HR3), producing silage containing different concentrations of net energy. Linear input/output response relations incorporated into the model were derived from a field experiment with two levels SU5402 solubility dmso of fertilisation and an animal experiment with two levels of concentrate feeding buy URMC-099 to supplement silage from each HR. The model maximises total gross margin of a dairy goat farm with 70,0001 milk quota, and stalling capacity for 100 goats. Farmland availability varied from 4 to 10 ha with 6.5 ha as the basis. The study demonstrates that farmland availability profoundly influences the choice of input intensity and the profitability of producing and feeding

high quality grass silage to dairy goats. At 6.5 ha, optimal input of fertilisers and concentrates as well as output of milk per goat was highest when fed HR1 and HR2 silage. However. HR3 was most profitable as benefits such as higher milk yield and better milk price due to higher total solids content for HR1 and HR2, did not offset the additional costs and increased shortage of silage at lower yields achieved and the higher consumption of silage. HR1 was particularly unfavourable as it was impossible buy AZD2014 to fully produce the milk quota. More land than 6.7 ha was necessary for HR2 to outperform HR3. Inputs of fertilisers and concentrates could

be reduced as more and became available, however, at the lowest land constraint for HR3. By removing the milk quota, the profitability of HR3 was strengthened at limited land availabilities, at 7 ha HR2 surpassed HR3 in profit and above 8.5 ha HR1 was most competitive. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. To compare the strength of the hip musculature in people with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) with asymptomatic controls.\n\nMethods. Eighty-nine people with knee OA and 23 controls age >50 years were recruited from the community. The maximal isometric strength (torque relative to body mass) of the hip abductors, adductors, flexors, extensors, and internal and external rotators was evaluated using hand-held dynamometry or a customized force transducer apparatus. Univariate linear models with age and sex included as covariates were used to compare muscle strength between groups.\n\nResults.

In Chile, two predatory crab species (Acanthocyclus gayi and Acanthocyclus hassleri) coexist in the intertidal zone. Both settle preferentially in mussel beds, but adults show remarkable spatial segregation, apparently as a result of asymmetric competition for refuges. Although early recruits of A. gayi are an order of magnitude more abundant than A. hassleri, late juveniles are similarly abundant. Recruits of A. gayi MEK inhibition are probably subjected to higher mortality before competition for refuges intensifies. Here, through laboratory experiments, we quantified the strength of intra and inter-cohort cannibalism

and inter-specific predation as probable sources of differential post-settlement mortality. Intra-cohort cannibalism (among recruits of same size) accounted for the mortality of up to 30% of recruits in both species, with no evidence of density-dependent effects on mortality. Rates of cannibalism between juveniles and recruits (inter-cohorts) were also similar between the two species. Both species exhibit type III functional responses of juvenile predators with a tendency to consume heavily upon the most abundant recruits (A. gayi in the field), which could potentially provide A. hassleri recruits with a “virtual refuge” from the inter-cohort predation in the field. The combination of these different sources of mortality might contribute to the large reduction in abundance

of A. gayi recruits by the time they reach juvenile stages. Our results illustrate the complexity of mechanisms that can underlay patterns of distribution and relative abundances

OICR-9429 nmr among competitors through different life stages, especially among coexisting species in which attacking peers can provide higher rewards later in development than just the energy obtained from other food. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The synthesis and functionalization of carbon nanoparticles with PEG(200) and mercaptosuccinic acid, rendering fluorescent carbon dots, is described. Fluorescent carbon dots (maximum excitation and emission buy SBI-0206965 at 320 and 430 nm, respectively) with average dimension 267 nm were obtained. The lifetime decay of the functionalized carbon dots is complex and a three component decay time model originated a good fit with the following lifetimes: tau (1) = 2.71 ns; tau (2) = 7.36 ns; tau (3) = 0.38 ns. The fluorescence intensity of the carbon dots is affected by the solvent, pH (apparent pK (a) of 7.4 +/- 0.2) and iodide (Stern-Volmer constant of 78 +/- 2 M-1).”
“The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from A. tumefaciens and E. coli and compare its ability to produce nitric oxide and TNF-a in peritoneal mice macrophages. We isolated and purified LPS from A. tumefaciens and E.coli. The endotoxin activity of LPS extracted from A. tumefaciens and E.