, 2013). In contrast, the most comprehensive efforts to describe the global distributions of marine heterotrophic microbes have relied on only a few hundreds of samples (e.g. Brown et al., 2012 and Ladau et al., 2013). Second, of the many factors invoked to explain the existence of spatial biogeography, the nutritional aspect is often overlooked. This is because it is easier to correlate readily available physical parameters such as temperature or salinity with the structure and function of microbial communities, rather than spatially co-varying levels of nutrients that are not always part of the metadata collected in microbial studies. Src inhibitor This is particularly true for some

macro-,

and micro-nutrients, such as NH4, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu that are present in vanishingly small amounts and require specialist techniques for measurement. Resource-based selective pressure is not limited to resource availability but is the result of a tradeoff between metabolic cost for uptake and the resulting growth benefit. Moreover a conceptual framework for microbial biogeography has to take into account the role that underlying micropatchiness exerts on community structure (for example particle vs. free-living) leading to microscale resource partitioning and the evolution of very defined and contrasting trophic strategies (Lauro et al., 2009). Finally, most marine microbial ecology is still framed CHIR-99021 research buy in terms of “bottom-up” considerations, examining how communities assemble in relation to resource availability and abiotic

factors (Strom, 2008). Yet the selective pressure community interactions exert on the structure and function of microbial communities is evident in the continual reshaping of communities by mortality, allelopathy and symbiosis. A better understanding of these processes is emerging based on new sampling methods and analysis tools, including nano-SIMS (e.g. Thompson et al., 2012), in-situ sample collection (Shade et al., 2009 and Ottesen et al., 2013) and better quantitative measures of the relationships between gene expression at the transcriptional Interleukin-2 receptor (transcriptomics) and translational levels (proteomics) (Waldbauer et al., 2012). However, even with these significant knowledge gaps, there is much to be learned from the study of marine microbial biogeography and the development of new sampling and analysis techniques will constantly be refining our view of this field. The authors thank the crew of the S/Y Indigo V for insightful discussions. MVB and FML are supported by fellowships from the Australian Research Council (DP0988002 and DE120102610). “
“Species-specific patterns of gene expression are predicted to correlate with their ecological niches and can now be compared and analyzed using global transcription analysis via RNA-seq.

De novo gene prediction was performed on each genome assembly using Augustus (Stanke et al., 2006). The predicted genes PD-0332991 mw were annotated with BLAST against Swissprot and Uniref90. The probes were mapped with BLAST to the predicted genes and to the genome sequence of the three different assemblies. Probes with the same EST origin were annotated as a group, using the highest total BLAST

score from all probes within the group, against one of the three predicted gene sets. In cases of identical matches against different assemblies, the annotation of the gene with the highest BLAST score against Swissprot was chosen. Inconsistencies in the Swissprot genesymbol annotation between the probes in each group and between the three assemblies were flagged with a warning in the probe annotation. Probes that did not get a valid match against one of the three predicted gene sets, were annotated with the best Uniref90 hit of the EST they originated from. Out of a total number of 11,100 genes, 7556 genes were annotated. Total RNA was extracted from the dissected tissues using the RNAeasy Micro kit (Qiagen) according to Appendix C: RNA cleanup after lysis and homogenization with QIAzol lysis reagent. Selleck PD0332991 RNA integrity and quantity were measured using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and NanoDrop Spectrophotometer (OD 260/280 and 260/230 ratios).

The RNA samples were frozen at − 80 °C until analysis. A One-color Microarray-Based Gene Expression Analysis (Agilent technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) protocol was applied, according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. For each of the 20 samples (five tissues and four replicates per tissue), 200 ng total RNA was used for cDNA synthesis.

SPTBN5 Details on labeling samples with Cy3, purification and hybridization are described in the manufacturer’s guidelines. Labeling efficiency and amount of labeled cRNA were measured using a NanoDrop® NP-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Slides were scanned using an Agilent Scanner. The array raw data was read and processes by the Feature Extraction software (Agilent) before it was imported into J-express (Dysvik and Jonassen, 2001) for analysis. The data was quantile normalized (Bolstad et al., 2003) and missing value replacements were predicted by LS impute Adaptive (Bo et al., 2004). All data were log(2)-transformed before downstream analysis. In order to reveal genes that were affected differentially expressed in the different tissues we applied Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) (Tusher et al., 2001). We provide MIAME-compliant description of the microarray study, available in the arrayexpress database (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress) with accession number E-MTAB-1339. The predicted genes used for probe annotation, were assigned KEGG Orthology (Kanehisa et al.

The lack of information regarding dementia status also brings a more general concern in understanding the literature, as it makes it difficult to ascertain whether there are interventions that work better with certain subgroups of dementia progression. On a practical level, this information would be helpful for those working in residential care homes who are considering implementing such interventions and who need to know what

might work best for the specific residents they care for. Future studies in this area should use clear eligibility criteria MG-132 (including details regarding dementia diagnosis), use power calculations to estimate the necessary sample size, monitor and report compliance with the intervention, register any harms, and ensure the reliability and validity of the measures used are clearly reported. Future research would also benefit from monitoring more positive behaviors, such as social engagement, mealtime independence, and conversation, to mention only a few. Suggested study designs would include larger controlled trials and cluster-randomized controlled trials to add weight and clarity to existing evidence. There is evidence to suggest that people with dementia display more agitated behaviors when they feel anxious and that mealtimes

can be particularly distressing.24 this website The evidence in our review suggests that simple and inexpensive interventions can help to alleviate agitated behaviors. Similar mealtime interventions have been shown to improve weight gain and nutritional status in general populations of elderly people in residential care.8 and 13

This emphasizes the important role mealtime interventions could play in improving overall well-being and the experience of residents with dementia in nursing and residential care, as suggested by Bostrom and colleagues.10 As residential care services are increasingly expected to be able to provide appropriate care for people with a range of dementia symptoms, small and unobtrusive interventions, such as music or simple enhancement to the Selleckchem Sorafenib dining environment, as described in this review, could help to improve the dementia-related behavioral problems. Exploring whether the positive effects of interventions identified in this review are replicable in different contexts, and whether effects on behavior are more long lasting than at meal times, are important research questions. Overall, our review helps to inform debate about the use of nonpharmacological interventions to improve behavioral symptoms in elderly people with dementia.30 and 31 Mealtime interventions may improve the general residential care environment and benefit both residents and carers alike, a key aim highlighted by the UK government’s Dementia Challenge program (http://dementiachallenge.dh.gov.uk/).

Radical cystectomy is recommended as a curative treatment for advanced bladder cancer; however, more than half of these patients show distant metastasis as the predominant form of disease recurrence [11]. Although these therapeutic methods have achieved some positive effects, therapies for bladder cancer are far

from satisfactory. Argon–helium cryoablation, a new local ablative modality for the treatment of tumors, has been applied to various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, etc. There is a substantial body of evidence showing that percutaneous cryoablation treatment is very effective. In several studies, the local control rates of the treatment reached 83–95% on the basis of short-term follow-up [21]. In recent years, our group has successfully carried

out percutaneous cryoablation treatment for different kinds of tumors, such as hepatocellular ABT-888 datasheet carcinoma, renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, renal angiomyolipoma, lung carcinoma, pelvic neoplasms, pancreatic carcinoma, adrenal neoplasm, and sacrum and ilium tumors. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CT imaging-guided percutaneous argon–helium cryoablation of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Thus, we performed local tumor cryoablation for 32 patients with BMS-354825 mw muscle-invasive bladder cancer on the condition that the patients accepted the treatment. Our present data suggest that CT imaging-guided percutaneous argon–helium cryoablation of muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a successful technique. Follow-up CT was used as a STK38 measure of success by comparing this with the control images. Tumors in all 32 patients enrolled in the trial were ablated successfully by a single session, except the first two patients who received two sessions of cryoablation. Follow-up data indicated that all patients’ tumors were completely resolved without enhancement, as observed by CT during the short-term imaging follow-up

period, except for three patients who were lost to follow-up. Our previous results have suggested that most residual mass is detected in the early stage after ablation, typically within 3 months of cryoablation. This finding is consistent with the observation of a prior study, which showed that 70% of tumor recurrence is detected within 3 months [12]. Evidence shows that the incidence of recurrent tumor beyond 3 months is low, occurring at a rate of only 1% [1]. Thus, our short-term imaging follow-up data could indicate that all patients in our study were cured. Potential complications of bladder cryosurgery include post-thaw hemorrhage, vesical fistula formation, and uroclepsia. Vesical fistula and uroclepsia did not occur in any patient in our study, as confirmed by CT scanning. There was some evidence to suggest that bleeding from the probe tract was limited by using small probes, which are available with this argon gas-based system [10]. 1.

Further cement lines are accumulating Zn and Pb to higher levels than adjacent mineralized bone matrix indicating a possibly different mechanism of Zn, Sr, and Pb uptake. Additionally, it was revealed that in bone structural units the concentration of Pb and Sr depends on the degree of mineralization

while this was not the case for Zn. All authors Selleck AZD2281 were involved in drafting or critically reading the manuscript for important intellectual content, and all authors approved the final version. Conception and design: B. Pemmer, A. Roschger, A. Wastl, J.G. Hofstaetter, P. Wobrauschek, R. Simon, H.W. Thaler, P. Roschger, K. Klaushofer, C. Streli. Data acquisition: B. Pemmer, A. Roschger, A. Wastl, R. Simon, C. Streli. Analysis and interpretation of data: B. Pemmer, A. Roschger, J. G. Hofstaetter, P. Roschger, P. Wobrauschek, C. Streli. Provision of study material: H.W. Thaler. Obtaining of funding: C. Streli, P. Roschger. None of the authors has any financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations causing conflict

of interests. The authors thank N. Loveridge and Stephan Smolek for the provision of self-written software for data processing and Daniela Gabriel, Petra Keplinger, Sonja Lueger and Phaedra Messmer for the sample preparation. This work has received funding from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): BYL719 mw P21905-N20, the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 226716, the AUVA (Research funds of the Austrian Workers Compensation Board) and the WGKK (Viennese Sickness Insurance Funds). “
“Since the first report of osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonates administration in 2003, [1] there have been many efforts to establish the pathophysiologic nature of this disease [2], [3] and [4]. Although its pathogenesis is still poorly understood, BRONJ (Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) is currently known to be a disease associated with the oversuppression of bone remodeling by bisphosphonates (BPs) [2],

[3] and [5]. Accordingly, there have been previous attempts to assess the risk for BRONJ by using bone biomarkers, and Marx et al. [6] have proposed in their uncontrolled retrospective study that serum C-terminal telopeptide Benzatropine of type I collagen (CTX) is a useful predictor. However, the results of other clinical studies that used serum markers have been controversial, [7], [8] and [9] and no conclusive opinions have been reached about other bone biomarkers such as N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) [10], [11] and [12]. However, such biomarkers are being used effectively in other fields, specifically in metabolic and pathologic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastasis of cancer, Paget’s disease, and multiple myeloma.

, 2007). The depth of this barrier layer may also vary with evaporation and precipitation changes. The presence of the barrier layer in the WPWP inhibits the mixing of TCO2 rich

waters into the surface mixed layer and leads to only a small seasonal range in TCO2 (Feely et al., 2002 and Ishii et al., 2009). Outside the WPWP and the NECC regions, barrier layers are rarely detected (De Boyer Montégut et al., 2007) and deeper mixing could result in a greater seasonal change in TCO2. Our results show that surface NTA variations are small in time and space for the Pacific study area (NTA = 2300 ± 6 μmol kg− 1; Fig. 4). This implies PD-1 inhibitor that the residence time of surface waters in the region is small enough for net CaCO3 production in reefs and pelagic waters to only have a small effect on TA variability at regional scales. The TCO2 change generated by net CaCO3 production can be estimated from half the normalized alkalinity and nitrate PLX3397 price (NNO3) change

(Chen, 1978) such that ΔNTCO2(CaCO3) = − 0.5 × (ΔNTA + ΔNNO3). The annual mean NO3 concentration along the equator increases eastward from 1 to 5 μmol kg− 1 and the rest of the region has an annual mean of 0.25 μmol kg− 1 (Garcia et al., 2010). Hence, the annual maximum estimated ΔNTCO2(CaCO3) is 2.5 μmol kg− 1. Based on this analysis, net calcification does not appear to have a significant impact on the large seasonal or regional changes in TCO2. However, localized calcification and production could influence TCO2 and TA variability at the scale of coral reefs (Shaw et al., 2012). The averaged aragonite saturation state, Ωar, for the Pacific region is 3.8 (Fig. 6). Values of Ωar below the mean occur in the subtropical waters at the northern and southern boundaries of the study area, and in the equatorial Pacific and North Pacific to the east of 180°E (NECC and CEP). Values above 3.8 occur in the WPWP, SECC, and SEC waters between about 5°S and

25°S that are away from the influence of the equatorial upwelling in the CEP. Feely et al. (2012) calculated the aragonite saturation states using TCO2 and TA measured Gefitinib cost on repeat hydrography sections, P06W 2003 and P16N 2006, which are within our study area. Using a 0.01/yr decrease in the aragonite saturation state (Feely et al., 2012), we can compare saturation states of these sections with the year 2000 mean values of Ωar. For example, along 160°W, surface Ωar during P16N 2006 was 3.4 ± 0.4. At a rate of − 0.01/yr, Ωar would have been 3.5 ± 0.4 in 2000. This calculated value agrees with our 2000 Ωar value of 3.8 ± 0.2 within the errors of the calculations. Similarly, along 30°S, surface Ωar during P06W 2003 was 3.2 ± 0.2 and would have been about the same value in 2000, agreeing with our 2000 Ωar value of 3.7 ± 0.3.

Peptides were deprotected and released from the resin by TFA treatment in the presence of appropriate scavengers. The peptides were lyophilized and their purity was assessed by both HPLC (Akta Explorer 100) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF, Autoflex III, Bruker Daltonics Inc.). Peptides were covalently coupled through their C-terminal

Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor cysteine to lysine residues of BSA (Capelli-Peixoto et al., 2011). Briefly, BSA, previously diluted in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.15 M sodium chloride, was activated by sulfo-SMCC (10 mg/ml; Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, IL). After 1 h of constant stirring at room temperature, the excess reagent was removed by elution through a PD-10 column. The activated BSA was reacted for 2 h with the cysteine-containing peptide this website at room temperature under constant stirring and while being protected from light. A buffer containing reduced cysteine (1 mM) was added. The peptides coupled to BSA were separated into aliquots and stored at −20 °C. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a factorial experiment design was used for the analyses of the ELISA results. The significance level was set at p < 0.01. The Tukey test was used for the pairwise comparison between the factors; p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The analyses were performed using the ASSISTAT-7.2 program ( Silva and Azevedo,

2009). The sequences of LiD1 (GenBank: AAQ16123.1) from

L. intermedia, SMase I (GenBank: AAM21154.1) from L. laeta, and A1H-LoxGa (GenBank: AAY42401.1) from L. gaucho were aligned using ClustalW ( Larkin et al., 2007). The epitopes were analyzed in the three dimensional structures of the SMase I (PDB accession code: 1XX1) ( Murakami et al., 2005) using the PyMOL Molecular Graphics System (Version 1.2r3pre, Schrödinger, LLC). The molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of the peptides were calculated using the program PEPTIDES MASS (Wilkins et al., 1997). For the solvent accessibility calculation of the LiD1, SMase I, and A1H-LoxGa proteins we used the PSA program Fluorouracil chemical structure and implemented the algorithm by Lee and Richards (1971). Residues were categorized as inaccessible by comparing them to an extended conformation; a 7% relative accessibility cut-off was applied (Hubbard and Blundell, 1987). The amino acid accessibility (in percentage) for the epitope regions was calculated. The amino acid hydrophobicity of each peptide was determined according to the Kyte and Doolittle scale (1982) and as described by Alvarenga et al. (2010a). We assessed whether there was a correlation between the neutralizing potency of anti-Loxosceles horse antisera (measured in vivo) and their ELISA reactivity. Nine Loxosceles antisera and a pre-immunized horse serum were tested by ELISA for reactivity using venoms from three species of Loxosceles (L.

Furthermore, the hierarchical structure can highlight inconsistent edges likely to be false positives or of lesser importance, and suggest new relationships among distinct biological complexes and processes.

Aside from a few pioneering efforts, the space of hierarchical network modeling remains largely unexplored. Biological networks are increasingly being applied to study the mechanisms by which genetic alterations cause phenotypic changes at the cellular level. Network organization and structure can help explain many disease phenomena such as locus heterogeneity, variable penetrance, pleiotropy, inheritance models and comorbidity. We find more believe these efforts are in their infancy. Limited knowledge of the dynamic and context-specific interplay of molecules within cell and our incomplete understanding of the makeup of the human genome VX-809 in vitro has prevented effective modeling of the heritable contributions to human disease. Advances in experimental measurement technologies will soon enable large-scale screens to fill in much of our missing knowledge. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: • of special interest This work was supported by NIH Grants P41 GM103504, R01 GM070743 and P50 GM085764. “
“Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 2013, 23:504–511 This

review comes from a themed issue on Cell reprogramming Edited by Huck Hui Ng and Patrick Tam For a complete overview see the Issue and the Editorial Available online 7th August 2013 0959-437X/$ – see front matter, © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights Bcl-w reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2013.06.003 The formation of epiblast cells within the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation mammalian embryos marks the establishment of pluripotency [1]. The resulting pluripotent cells are the cells from which all specialised cells that make up the developing embryo and indeed all tissues of the adult organism trace their origins. Despite the transient requirement for such cells, pluripotency is a capacity that lasts for several days spanning implantation and that can be propagated

indefinitely in vitro by the establishment of pluripotent cell lines. Although they share the functional capacity for multilineage differentiation, pluripotent cell lines show differences in their properties. Not only are there differences between the growth factor requirements of pluripotent cell lines with an established pre-implantation (embryonic stem; ES) or post-implantation (so-called epiblast stem; EpiSC) identity but these cells also differ in the TFs that impinge upon the PGRN [ 2 and 3]. In this review we discuss recent insights into the operation of the PGRN with a particular focus on Nanog. We discuss how changes in the network can alter cell state as cells move from a pre-implantation to post-implantation identity and beyond, as well as when cells are reprogrammed to an ES cell state.

Next we examined how the fastest rhythm in the network, the gamma rhythm, was related to simultaneous theta and, in the simulations demonstrating a pattern completion phenomenon, alpha oscillations. To this end, n:m phase synchrony and phase-amplitude coupling effects were evaluated compound screening assay for different pairs of rhythms. The strongest phase-amplitude coupling was observed between theta and gamma oscillations (strength of modulation, PLVPAM=0.80, see Experimental

procedures) with gamma amplitude lowest at the peaks of theta (cf. Jacobs and Kahana, 2009) in accordance with the modulatory effect of theta phase on pyramidal cell firing ( Fig. 8A). The phase-amplitude modulation for theta-alpha and alpha-gamma pairs was estimated at ~0.75 and ~0.70, respectively. As can be seen in Fig. 8A, a similar hierarchy

of coupling relations was also found with 1:3 phase synchrony (PLV1:3) for theta-alpha and alpha-gamma rhythms, and 1:9 for the theta-gamma pair. In the simulations of memory replay analogous results for theta and gamma coupling ( Fig. 8B) were reported. In conclusion, gamma appeared as a basic unit in a hierarchical organization of neural oscillations consistently with biological evidence ( Basar et al., 2001, Lakatos et al., 2005, Canolty this website et al., 2006, Sirota et al., 2008, Schroeder and Lakatos, 2009, Canolty and Knight, 2010 and Palva et al., 2010). We also investigated how spiking activity was controlled within this hierarchy of LFP rhythms. The spike phase distributions indicated larger width of modulation by slower theta oscillations than faster gamma ( Fig. 8A and B). Finally, to connect our work with theories based on experimentally observed precise spatiotemporal firing patterns, we investigated the repetitive occurrence of those in the simulations

with cued memories. For 50 reactivations of the same pattern, we used a “sliding tape algorithm” (Abeles and Gerstein, 1988; see Experimental procedures) to identify all multi-neuronal sequential firing patterns consisting of at least three spikes and occurring more than twice (Fig. 9A and B). We found significantly more such patterns than expected at a chance level. In the oscillatory regime, we could observe a higher number Dichloromethane dehalogenase of spatiotemporal spike patterns that occurred at least three times within a trial despite considerably higher firing rates in the regime without gamma and alpha oscillations (25 compared to 8 s−1 on average). Finally, clear differences in the distribution of the total spike sequence durations (time span) vs. the number of their reoccurrences (Fig. 9C and D) reflected the modulatory effect of the underlying alpha rhythm on firing patterns in the oscillatory case. We used a biophysically detailed attractor network model, which with minor modifications was adapted to simulations of two memory phenomena – memory pattern completion and periodic replay of memory items.

For example, Nicetic et al. (2001) reported that 0.5% PSO applied fortnightly to roses gave excellent protection from Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) but did not affect the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Reddy and Bautista (2012) reported that either PSO alone or a combination of the predatory mite Neoseiulus

californicus (McGregor) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) with PSOs produced significant control of T. marianae and did not affect the survival of N. californicus. Similarly, the severity of H. armigera attack seems to be high during the flower and pod stage of the crop. Application Target Selective Inhibitor Library purchase of B. bassiana, azadirachtin, and B. thuringiensis was therefore appropriate at 30, 45 and 60 DAT. Our results agree with Kumar et al. (2011) who reported that the treatment with biorational insecticides (B. thuringiensis, Selleck Natural Product Library B. bassiana, azadirachtin and nuclear polyhedrosis virus) significantly reduced pod damage by H. armigera and increased the yield levels in chick

pea (Cicer arietinum L). Meanwhile, Sudharani and Rath (2011) reported that neem-based products are generally effective against H. armigera. Similarly, Nahar et al. (2004) reported that oils and entomopathogens are effective against H. armigera, and applications in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) fields reduced pod damage and increased yield levels compared to insecticide treatments and control plots. This project 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase was supported initially by FY 2011 USDA’s Pest Management Alternatives Program (PMAP), and the Grant Award No 2011-34381-30732 Special Research Grants Program – Competitive to the University of Guam. This project was transferred to the Montana State University (Grant Award No 2011-34381-20051) under Project Director Transfer from the University

of Guam. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. We thank Mr. R. Gumataotao for his help in the field. “
“Event Date and Venue Details from * ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING, Portland, OR, USA 16–19 November Contact: ESA, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706-3115, USA Email [email protected]. Fax: 1-301-731-4538. http://www.entsoc.org. 2015 *8th INTERNATIONAL IPM SYMPOSIUM, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 24–26 March Contact: E.E. Wolff. Email [email protected]. *18th INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONGRESS, “Mission Possible: Food for All through Adequate Plant Protection”, Berlin/Dahlem, GERMANY 24–27 August Contact see: http://tinyurl.com/3e96vdr. * ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA ANNUAL MEETING, Minneapolis, MN, USA 14–18 November Contact: ESA, 9301 Annapolis Rd., Lanham, MD 20706-3115, USA. [email protected]. Fax: 1-301-731-4538. http://www.entsoc.org. Full-size table Table options View in workspace Download as CSV “
“Pinier M, Verdu E, Nasser-Eddine M, et al. Suppression of gliadin-induced toxicity on the intestinal epithelium by polymeric binders. Gastroenterology 2009;136:288–298.